HDR photography, or High Dynamic Range photography, is a technique used to capture a greater range of luminosity in images than what is possible with in a single capture. It involves taking multiple shots of the same scene at different exposure levels and then combining them into one image. This process brings out the details in the brightest and darkest areas of the picture, creating a final image that closely resembles what the human eye sees in terms of light and color. HDR is especially useful in high-contrast situations, like landscapes with a bright sky and shadowed foreground, where it can balance the scene to show details usually lost in standard photos.